Process Grouping

Bedding and surface types:
• Sand
• Rubber mats
• Water beds
• Saw dust
• Wood shavings
• Slatted flooring
• Wire caging
• Pasture - free range

Manure collection and removal:
• Flush
• Scrape
• Vacuum
• Belt conveyor

Waste storage:
• Pits underneath production house
• Clay lined lagoons
• Concrete holding ponds/basins
• Storage tanks
• Fenced, open-air feedlots

Conveyance methods:
• Lift station
• Pipe and pumping
• Auger
• Mechanical scraping and hauling

Sand removal:
• Fluid separation on sloped concrete
• Mechanical separators

Dewatering mechanical solid separators:
• Incline screen
• Screw press
• Belt press
• Centrifuge
• Rotary disk
• Drainage tile

Separation using chemical additions:
• Metal Salts:
  - Alum
  - Ferric chloride
  - Ferric sulfate
• Polymers:
  - Long chain acrylamides
  - Cationic or Anionic
  - Low, medium, high charge density
  - Low, medium, high molecular weight

Combined separation (chemical with mechanical means)
• Centrifuge
• Belt Press
• Vacuum dewatering
• Geo-tube bag
• Conical discharge tanks
• Drain tiles

Drying methods:
• Evaporation
• Solar
• Forced-air heating
• Cyclonic

Debris removal/management:
• Traps
• Bar screens
• Macerators

Homogenizing and waste conditioning:
• Mixing tanks
• Volume/anti surge devices (ie. equalization tanks)
• De-lumping and sizing hopper

Thermo-chemical conversion processes:
• Torrefaction - 250-350 C treatment for moisture removal
• Pyrolysis - 600 C conversion to oil, syngas and char byproducts
• Gasification - 1000 F conversion to syngas and ash byproducts
• Liquefaction - thermal process for transforming gas to liquid
• Incineration - combustion in presence of oxygen

Biological conversion processes:
• Composting
  - Rotary drum
  - Windrow
  - Induced pile
  - Enclosed bin containers
• Aerobic digestion - conversion usually unheated and in open air
• Anaerobic digestion - conversion usually in a heated covered reactor
• Bio-augmented package plants and clarifiers

Nitrogen removal and capture methods:
• Nitrification - Denitrification
• Aeration
• Zeolite

Effluent polishing methods:
• Electro-coagulation
• Micro-filtration
• Ultra-filtration
• Reverse Osmosis
• Vibrating separators (membranes)
• Wetlands
• Riparian buffer strips