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Bedding and surface types:
- Sand
- Rubber mats
- Water beds
- Saw dust
- Wood shavings
- Slatted flooring
- Wire caging
- Pasture - free range
Manure collection and removal:
- Flush
- Scrape
- Vacuum
- Belt conveyor
Waste storage:
- Pits underneath production house
- Clay lined lagoons
- Concrete holding ponds/basins
- Storage tanks
- Fenced, open-air feedlots
Conveyance methods:
- Lift station
- Pipe and pumping
- Auger
- Mechanical scraping and hauling
Sand removal:
- Fluid separation on sloped concrete
- Mechanical separators
Dewatering mechanical solid separators:
- Incline screen
- Screw press
- Belt press
- Centrifuge
- Rotary disk
- Drainage tile
Separation using chemical additions:
- Metal Salts:
- Alum
- Ferric chloride
- Ferric sulfate
- Polymers:
- Long chain acrylamides
- Cationic or Anionic
- Low, medium, high charge density
- Low, medium, high molecular weight
Combined separation (chemical with mechanical means)
- Centrifuge
- Belt Press
- Vacuum dewatering
- Geo-tube bag
- Conical discharge tanks
- Drain tiles
Drying methods:
- Evaporation
- Solar
- Forced-air heating
- Cyclonic
Debris removal/management:
- Traps
- Bar screens
- Macerators
Homogenizing and waste conditioning:
- Mixing tanks
- Volume/anti surge devices (ie. equalization tanks)
- De-lumping and sizing hopper
Thermo-chemical conversion processes:
- Torrefaction - 250-350 C treatment for moisture removal
- Pyrolysis - 600 C conversion to oil, syngas and char byproducts
- Gasification - 1000 F conversion to syngas and ash byproducts
- Liquefaction - thermal process for transforming gas to liquid
- Incineration - combustion in presence of oxygen
Biological conversion processes:
- Composting
- Rotary drum
- Windrow
- Induced pile
- Enclosed bin containers
- Aerobic digestion - conversion usually unheated and in open air
- Anaerobic digestion - conversion usually in a heated covered reactor
- Bio-augmented package plants and clarifiers
Nitrogen removal and capture methods:
- Nitrification - Denitrification
- Aeration
- Zeolite
Effluent polishing methods:
- Electro-coagulation
- Micro-filtration
- Ultra-filtration
- Reverse Osmosis
- Vibrating separators (membranes)
- Wetlands
- Riparian buffer strips
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